@article{oai:kuins.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000452,
 author = {清水, 美知子},
 issue = {16},
 journal = {研究紀要},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {40020539594, This paper examines the home life of an urban middle-class household at the end of the Meiji Period as seen in Natsume Soseki’s full-length novel The Gate (1910). The character Sosuke, who resides in a three-person household with his wife and a gejo (maidservant) in a humble rented house nearly 20 minutes on foot from the final station of a rail line, lives in straitened circumstances. Despite his gloomy thoughts on a rainy day with a hole in the sole of his shoe, he cannot afford to buy new shoes.
But why does this household, which is not particularly wealthy, have a live-in maidservant? This was because housework in a middle-class household at the end of the
Meiji Period took so much time and effort that a full-time housewife could not complete the task herself. Gas lamps were the source of light, and meals were cooked using a shichirin, a small charcoal stove of clay or earthenware. The novel The Gate answers our question persuasively by depicting household articles and the living space in detail.},
 pages = {61--73},
 title = {夏目漱石の小説『門』にみる明治末期の中流家庭 : 〈下女〉のいる暮らし},
 year = {2015}
}